Um dia, de repente, você come um alimento (que já consumiu em outras ocasiões), mas desta vez seu corpo não o tolera nem o digere da mesma forma, causando-lhe algum desconforto e dores de estômago.
Embora estas patologias possam parecer semelhantes devido à sua relação com o glúten, na realidade, não têm nada a ver entre si, sendo importante conhecer as principais diferenças entre doença celíaca, intolerância ao glúten e alergia ao glúten , porque nem o diagnóstico nem o Os sintomas e complicações a longo prazo não são comparáveis nestas patologias.
O que são Doença Celíaca, Alergia e Intolerância ao Glúten?
A doença celíaca é uma doença autoimune. Nosso sistema imunológico reage à presença de glúten. É sempre acionado a nível digestivo, ou seja, quando o alimento é ingerido.
Com o tempo, causa danos às vilosidades intestinais que causam má absorção de nutrientes, causando outras doenças associadas, como dermatite herpetiforme (erupção cutânea crônica com coceira), diabetes tipo I e intolerância à lactose.
A alergia ao trigo também é uma doença do sistema imunológico . Manifesta-se imediatamente a partir do contato com qualquer um dos compostos do trigo, como o glúten.
Ao contrário da doença celíaca, cujos sintomas são desencadeados apenas pela ingestão de algo com glúten, a alergia também é ativada pelo contato com a pele ou pela inalação (causando o que é comumente conhecido como asma do padeiro) e desaparece quando o contato com o alérgeno cessa.
Na sensibilidade ou intolerância não celíaca ao glúten, a pessoa apresenta sintomas clínicos, sobretudo a nível digestivo, que parecem ser de doença celíaca, mas os testes clínicos não corroboram alterações a nível imunológico.
Qual é o meu diagnóstico? Preste atenção aos sintomas
Você nasce com alergias . É desencadeada pelo primeiro contato com qualquer um dos componentes do trigo, incluindo o glúten, mas também albuminas, globulinas e outras proteínas do trigo além do glúten.
Na doença celíaca , porém, existe uma predisposição genética não hereditária. Isso significa que em nossos genes existe uma chance de desenvolvê-la, mas ela pode nunca se manifestar.
O primeiro passo para saber se você tem uma ou outra enfermidade é observar os sintomas e ir ao médico digestivo para fazer o diagnóstico.
Sintomas
Doença celíaca
A doença celíaca pode demorar para se manifestar. Mesmo apresentando sintomas tão leves que quase não são notados (chamam de doença celíaca assintomática). Mas a má absorção de nutrientes tem consequências a médio e longo prazo.
Entre os sintomas da doença celíaca em crianças encontramos diarreia, vômito, prisão de ventre, desnutrição, distensão abdominal. Dermatite atópica da pele, fraqueza muscular, atopia e anemia também costumam aparecer.
Nos adolescentes esses sintomas persistem e se somam alterações na menstruação e dores de cabeça.
Entre os sintomas da doença celíaca em adultos, aparece a síndrome do intestino irritável, menopausa precoce, osteoporose... A origem de todos esses sintomas é que o glúten altera as vilosidades intestinais. Esse dano interfere na absorção de nutrientes. Portanto, a longo prazo, surgem vários problemas em todo o corpo.
alergia ao trigo
A alergia ao trigo apresenta sintomas claros e muito rápidos . E serão diferentes dependendo do contato com o alérgeno, ou seja, com o trigo. Pode haver urticária se for por contato com a pele ou rinite se o pó da farinha for inalado. O caso mais perigoso é a ingestão, pois as consequências vão desde urticária até vômitos, diarreia e até anafilaxia.
Sensibilidade ou intolerância ao glúten
É o termo que atualmente está associado à intolerância ao glúten e se caracteriza por apresentar sintomas digestivos e extradigestivos relacionados ao consumo de glúten/trigo, que desaparecem quando é retirado da dieta e reaparecem se for reintroduzido.
A prevalência não é conhecida exatamente porque não existem métodos diagnósticos objetivos, mas estima-se que cerca de 6% da população sofre de sensibilidade ao glúten. Aparece com mais frequência em mulheres do que em homens e é raro em crianças.
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